Basic Guitar Theory – Guitar Scales, Chords and Arpeggios
Scales come easily to some people but others find them difficult to learn and difficult to understand. You can, in fact, relate scales to chord shapes. Understanding chords and scales is a matter of exploring the relationships between the notes on the guitar fretboard, but it is not necessary to learn to read music, just find the patterns on the guitar neck.
When you look at scales you will see a symbol like: # or b. The # is the sharp symbol which indicates when a note is played one fret above where it would normally be played. The b symbol is called a flat which is when the note is played a fret lower. One fret on the guitar is called a half step as opposed to a whole step or whole note. In the musical scale there is only a half step between the notes B and C and the notes E and F. The notes that don’t have a sharp or flat symbol are called “naturals”.
The complete set of notes in the octave are, in alphabetical order, A A# B C C# D D# E F F# G G#. So these notes as they are played in the C scale are C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B. The notes on the guitar begin with the open sixth string which sounds the note E, then going up the frets, F G A B C finishing the first octave on the open fourth string D. The octaves continue for twenty-one frets on most electric guitars and nineteen frets for acoustic guitars that don’t have a cutaway body.
Chords contain three or more notes. These notes form part of a scale that has the same name as the chord. The E major chord, for example, has three notes from the E major scale. Not all notes are created equal. The most important notes in a chord are the third and the seventh. They tell us whether the chord is major, minor or dominant.
When you play chords in a particulat order it is called a progression. Most chord progressions in popular music are based on the first, fourth and fifth notes of a scale. The twelve bar blues progression is one of the most popular chord progressions. Here is a how it works out in the key of C: you are using the first note – C, the fourth, F and the fifth, G. You play four bars using the C chord, two using F, the next two bars you play C again and the next two are G and F, finishing with two bars of the C chord. The most obvious example of this progression put into practice is the instrumental piece called Guitar Boogie.
Do you want to learn to play the guitar? Learn How To Play A Guitar For Free is a constantly updated blog which contains all the resources you need for: learning to play solo guitar, how to learn guitar chords, how to learn to read and play easy acoustic guitar tabs, finding a free online guitar tuner, looking for free guitar lessons online, and how to learn guitar scales.
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How to Practice Guitar Effectively
Feel free to practice these things in any order, but always do #1 first, the warm up. You also don’t have to do them all in one sitting either. You can do a few at one practice session, and next time you sit down to practice, you do the other items in the list you didn’t do the first time, etc. Also, feel free to change the number of minutes for each to suit your own needs. Maybe you want to practice for 2 hours; maybe just 30 minutes – it is completely up to you. You can view this schedule as a general blueprint, which you can modify as you like.
- Warm-up – 5 minutes. First of all – tune your guitar! Then, play anything you like, but don’t do anything that is really hard on the muscles in your hands. Let them get warmed up first.
- Scales – 10 minutes . Work on scales you don’t yet know well. You probably have scales tabbed out and printed. Take your time and play these slowly with the metronome. Play the notes of the scale in question in any order, random, sequential, etc. As you do this, try to visualize in your head the patterns this scale creates on the fretboard. Over time, you will be able to “see” the scale on the fretboard without thinking much about it.
- Arpeggios – 10 minutes. Do the same as with the scales mentioned above. An arpeggio is a group of notes which are played one after the other, either going up or going down, where the notes belong to one chord. Again, visualize and try to remember the patterns you play.
- Chords – 10 minutes. Learn new voicings of chords. Learn new chords. Practice chord progressions with some of the new chords you are learning.
- Theory – 5 minutes. Get a good book about music theory. There are many out there.
Alfred Essentials of Music Theory: Complete Self-Study Course (Book/2-CD) - Technique – 10 minutes. Work on things that need improvement or that may be new to you, for example – hammer-ons, pull-offs, bends, strumming, alternate picking, sweep technique, tapping, etc.
- Fretboard training – 10 minutes. Set the metronome at a low BPM. Start with any note you want. Find and play that note for every click of the metronome on every string, but start with 2 strings at a time. Once you have that down, move to 2 more strings, then practice finding that note on those 4 strings. Continue with the last 2 strings and finally do all 6 strings. Play the notes in any order and direction. The purpose here is to find the note in question as quickly as you can. It will become “transparent” with enough training – you will be able to find any note anywhere on the fretboard without having to think
- Work on a song – 10 minutes. Work on a song which has something challenging in it, something that gives you an opportunity to practice something new.
- Reading music – 10 minutes. Work on reading TAB and music notation. Practice reading rhythms, notes and sight reading.
- Transcribe something – ANY minutes. This is the best way to teach yourself, and it’s fantastic ear training. Listen to a few seconds of a song, over and over. Imitate best you can, try to figure out one note at a time. This means replaying the same sequence many times. After a while, you will be able to do this quicker, as well as picking out more than one note at a time.
- Play anything – ANY minutes. Noodle around and play whatever you want – playing should first and foremost be FUN!
Important things to remember
- Always tap your foot with the metronome and the rhythm you are playing. That way, you will lock your body into the meter, and you will become good at playing tight. Good timing is soooo important! I cannot stress this enough.
- Use that metronome/drum machine! Any time you are working on something with a beat to it, get that metronome/drum machine going. You get two benefits at one time – you may be working on scales, chords, etc, but at the same time, you will also improve your timing when you practice this to the metronome.
- Visualize the notes you are about to play. Practicing enough will get you to the point where, for example, you can see the note “A” on the B string before you actually play it.
- Record yourself regularly, and then listen back to it with critical ears. What problems do you notice? Timing issues? Are notes played cleanly and accurately? Determine what the weaknesses are, and focus on correcting them.
- Sing the notes – as you are playing through, for example, a scale or an arpeggio, sing the notes as you are playing them. This will train your ear and will also help you learn where the notes are on the fretboard.
- Play with others – jam with friends, your teacher, anyone. Play something for your friends and family. Get a little gig somewhere – it will help you stay motivated. Playing with people with improve your ear and you will develop your musicianship further and quicker.
Hope you find these tips useful. Remember, a focused practice routine will lead to improvements faster.
Lastly, don’t forget the most important part – TO HAVE FUN!
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Robert Renman is a guitar player and guitar teacher in Canada. His website http://www.dolphinstreet.com has a large selection of free video lessons, as well as articles and videos about guitar equipment, and much more.
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Top 10 Easy Christian Guitar Songs For Beginners
I have done my very best to include video lessons, tabs, chords and other helpful resource for each song listed on this page. I cannot guarantee the accuracy of any of the following lessons or resources.
I will be adding more lessons and songs to this site as I find time to do so, so please check back often.
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Easy Christian Guitar Song 1
Amazing love by Chris Tomlin
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Easy Christian Guitar Song 2
God of wonders by Third Day
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God of Wonders Chords and Lyrics
Easy Christian Guitar Song 3
Everlasting God by Brenton Brown
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Everylasting God Chords & Lyrics
Easy Christian Guitar Song 4
Mighty To Save by Hillsong
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Mighty to Save Chords & Lyrics
Easy Christian Guitar Song 5
Hosanna By Hillsong
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Easy Christian Guitar Song 6
Here I am To Worship by Tim Hughes
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Here I am to Worship Chords & Lyrics
Easy Christian Guitar Song 7
Open The Eyes Of My Heart by Michael W. Smith
As Performed by Michael W. Smith
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Open the Eyes of my Heart Lord Chords & Lyrics
Easy Christian Guitar Song 8
Son of God by Starfield
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Easy Christian Guitar Song 9
I Can Only Imagine by Mercy Me
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I Can Only Imagine Chords & Lyrics
Easy Christian Guitar Song 10
How Great is Our God by Chris Tomlin
Performance and Lesson By Chris Tomlin
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How Great is Our God Chords & Lyrics
How Great is Our God by Chris Tomlin Guitar Lesson
Learn how to play How Great is Our God by Chris Tomlin in this free video guitar lesson from YouTube:
As performed by Chris Tomlin:
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I Can Only Imagine by Mercy Me Guitar Lesson
Learn how to play I Can Only Imagine by Mercy Me in this free video guitar lesson from YouTube:
As performed by Mercy Me:

